>>59022I doubt a traditionalist society like Equestria would have any sort of atheism. Atheism itself is a very postmodern concept, it requires the same process humans went through (Antiquity, Medieval Age, Modern, Contemporary) to Equestria to even resemble something like skepticism and atheism.
It’s natural for all intelligent life to develop a moral framework based on a belief system, I don’t think ponies would be different.